While traditional flu shots should be considered the primary defense against the flu, antivirals can also be useful in prophylaxis and treatment of the flu. Two classes of influenza antiviral agents are available in the US – adamantanes and neuraminidase inhibitors. Neuraminidase inhibitors are effective against influenza A and B, while Adamantanes are effective against influenza A alone. [2]
Adamantanes for flu treatment and prophylaxis
Adamantanes interfere with viral uncoating inside the cell and are effective only against influenza A. Due to emerging resistance against adamantanes in the 2005/2006 influenza season, the CDC Health Advisory discouraged the use of amantadine and rimantadine for the treatment or prophylaxis of influenza. [26]
Neuraminidase inhibitors for flu treatment and prophylaxis
Neuraminidase inhibitors interfere with the release of reproduced influenza virus from infected host cells, preventing the spread of infection. Neuraminidase inhibitors are effective against influenza A and B and must be taken within 48 hours of the onset of flu symptoms. [2]
Antivirals for high-risk groups
Influenza antibodies can take approximately two weeks to develop in adults once they’ve been vaccinated. Children younger than nine who require 2 doses separated by 4 weeks if they are receiving the flu shot for the first time may require six weeks after their first flu vaccine before they develop immunities. Therefore, if someone close to you gets sick with the flu, see your doctor and ask for an antiviral prescription. Antiviral medications, if taken right after a patient is exposed to someone who is sick with the flu, may lessen their chances of becoming sick. [1]
